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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric COVID‑19 patients: a meta‑analysis 
 
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric COVID‑19 patients: a meta‑analysis
  Eman A. Toraih, Mohammad H. Hussein, Rami M. Elshazli, Adam Kline, Ruhul Munshi, Nasrin Sultana, Sharven Taghavi, Mary Killackey, Juan Duchesne, Manal S. Fawzy, Emad Kandil
 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]   Pageviews: 1973 Times
 
Background: We aimed to systematically review the clinical and laboratory features of patients with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatrics diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A literature search in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct was made up to June 29, 2020.
Results: Analysis of 15 articles (318 COVID-19 patients) revealed that although many patients presented with the typical multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatrics, Kawasaki-like features as fever (82.4%), polymorphous maculopapular exanthema (63.7%), oral mucosal changes (58.1%), conjunctival injections (56.0%), edematous extremities (40.7%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (28.5%), atypical gastrointestinal (79.4%) and neurocognitive symptoms (31.8%) were also common. They had elevated serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, troponin I levels, and lymphopenia. Nearly 77.0% developed hypotension, and 68.1% went into shock, while 41.1% had acute kidney injury. Intensive care was needed in 73.7% of cases; 13.2% were intubated, and 37.9% required mechanical ventilation. Intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids were given in 87.7% and 56.9% of the patients, respectively, and anticoagulants were utilized in 67.0%. Pediatric patients were discharged after a hospital stay of 6.77 days on average (95% CI 4.93¨C8.6).
Conclusions: Recognizing the typical and atypical presentation of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric COVID-19 patients has important implications in identifying children at risk. Monitoring cardiac and renal decompensation and early interventions in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome is critical to prevent further morbidity.
 
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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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